The ratio of waste rock/ore is called stripping ratio. For example, a stripping ratio of 2:1 means that 2 tonnes of waste rock needs to be removed to mine 1 tonne of ore. Generally, an open pit mine has a higher stripping ratio than an underground mine. Waste rock is often deposited in piles or heaps close to the mine to minimize transports.
It is important that the strategic mine plan makes optimum use of available resources and provides continuous quality ore to drive sustainable mining and profitability. This requires the development of a well-integrated strategy of mining options for surface and/or underground mining and their interactions. Understanding the current tools and …
In order to extract ore, large amount of rock is stripped or excavated and transported to the waste-rock dump. When the mineral resource was exploited by …
Open pit mining usually features a relatively lower mining cost, higher stripping ratio and longer time to access ore [5]. Underground mining on the other hand features a higher mining cost, higher grade and earlier access to ore [6], [7], [8]. There are currently limited tools or methods to directly optimize this interface.
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Also, the ratio of the total volume of waste to the total volume of ore is defined as the overall stripping ratio. A lower stripping ratio means that less waste has to be removed to expose the ore for mining which generally results in a lower operating cost . The major types of stripping ratios are overall, instantaneous, and break-even.
In underground mines, the ore is extracted through a series of vertical shafts and ramps and horizontal drifts and adits (see Figure 2.4). Extraction is more selective than in open pit mining, and the ratio of waste rock to ore generated is much lower.
burden (waste-to-ore) ratio for surface mining of metal ores generally ranges from 2:1 to 8:1, de-pending on local conditions. The ratio for solid wastes from underground mining is typically 0.2:1. Where concentration or other processing of the ore is done on site, the tailings generated also have to be managed. Ores with a low metal con-
a.CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Re search, Dhanb ad 826015 India. Abstract. Overbreak is a major concern in underground development face blasting. The controlled blasting coupled with ...
Given an underground total mining cost of $10.75 per tonne, surface mining costs of $3.85 per tonne of ore and surface mining stripping costs of $2.05 per tonne of waste, calculate the break even stripping ratio ( i.e. with zero profit) between surface and underground mining. That is, the point at which underground mining should be contemplated.
During production, waste and ore are mined together, and some of the waste represents an additional 'development' activity needed to secure access to the next level of ore ('push-backs'). The IFRIC noted that capitalisation of pre-production stripping costs (cost to remove waste before the actual ore is mined) is not contentious.
For example, an overburden thickness of 100 meters and an ore thickness of 50 meters would yield a strip ratio of 2:1. That means mining 1 cubic meter of ore would require mining 3 cubic meters of ...
The quantity of ore mined and waste rock (i.e., overburden or barren rock) removed to produce a refined unit of a mineral commodity, its rock-to-metal ratio (RMR), …
Show all steps Answer 8. Calculate the economic limit for the stripping ratio: Economic limit = (ore price - average Tp) / (waste price - ore price) Assuming an ore price of R200/t and a waste price of R50/t: Economic limit = (R200/t - R205/t) / (R50/t - R200/t) Economic limit = 0.5 Therefore, the economic limit for the stripping ratio is 0.5.
Ore/waste identification in underground mining through geochemical calibration of drilling data using machine learning techniques. ... The optimal number of clusters can be defined quantitatively according to the Calinsky-Harabasz or variance ratio evaluation criterion (Calinski and Harabasz, ... this application still being under …
Selection of the mining method is one of the most important decisions in mine development. Open pit, underground methods or both of them are selected depending on the geometry properties of the deposit, its position with respect to the surface and so on. ... Cut and fill volumes Item Waste OP Ore OP Ore UG Total Cut volumes (Intact) (Mm3) …
In fact, the ore-to-waste ratio is the principal feature in the choice between surface and underground mining. ... Underground development openings, which are designed so that the ore bodies are easily accessible and transportable after excavation, usually can be ranked in three categories by order of importance in the overall layout of …
Chromite ore processing tailings and low-grade manganese ores are typically considered waste due to their limited or negligible utility, leading to environmental and storage concerns. Researchers globally have explored various methods to utilize or upgrade these wastes, particularly because dumping chromite ore has been linked to …
Pre-production mine development is a challenge involving 1) time value of capital, 2) economic trends of the industry and the nation, and 3) physical conditions surrounding …
The smaller pit (Pit A) includes 32 blocks. 16 blocks are ore and the other 16 are waste blocks. Therefore, the stripping ratio is 16/16 = 1. The larger pit includes 437 blocks in total. Using Pit 2, 76 blocks of …
Associated with this move to open cut mining is the ratio of waste rock to the ore mined, included as an inset in Fig. 5 (black and brown coal was included in Fig. 2). For most minerals, there is a gradually rising ratio over time (e.g. black coal, gold, copper) while for some it is relatively stable (e.g. brown coal).
A strip ratio, or stripping ratio, is an important measurement related to the open-pit mining process. Put simply, it represents the amount of waste material, also …
Shaft Stations, Storage, and Loading Pockets. Arrangements for handling ore and waste at the shaft will depend on the method of hoisting (whether in buckets, in cars on cages, or in skips); the tonnage and physical characteristics of the ore; whether two or more classes of ore must be hoisted and kept separate; the method employed for transporting …
The average haulage and hoisting costs for these groups ranged from $0.1135 to $0.4025 per ton of ore mined, and the range for 47 individual mines was from $0,086 to $1,848. Elsing has tabulated transportation costs at 66 mines, which show averages by groups ranging from $0,120 per ton mined to $0,556. It is therefore …
Stripping ratio is the ratio of the volume of waste rock stripped off to the volume of ore exploited during the process of surface mining. It indicates the volume of waste rock required to be stripped for mining per cubic ore. Stripping ratio (see Fig. 1) is an important technical-economic indicator in open-pit mining, which reflects the ...
The relation between void ratio and confinement factor of development faces were established to provide suitable free face in the cut area. The field experiments were carried out at small (<10 m 2) to medium (10–35 m 2) sized development headings in underground metalliferous mines. The findings of this study is applicable to the …
Given an underground total mining cost of $8.50 per tonne, surface mining costs of $2.25 per tonne of ore and surface mining stripping costs of $1.95 per tonne of waste. Calculate the break even stripping ratio, (i.e with zero profit) between surface and underground mining. That is, the point at which underground mining should be contemplated
$5.90 per ton of ore and overburden removal costs are $0.3 per ton of waste. Assume copper values of $1.00, $1.25, and $1.50 per kg of refined metal at the smelter.
productivity and re-duce costs.Haulage costs ca. be subdivided in 2 categories. Ore haulage, which accounts for approx. 80% of the total haulage costs, and waste haulage which ac-counts for approx. 20% of the total haulage costs.Exploration mine advance and undergro. nd developments generate waste. This waste is normally hauled to surfac.
Methods used in underground mining are generally classified based on the type of deposit being mined and the type of ground conditions at the site. The three main types of underground mining are room-and-pillar, cut-and-fill, and block caving. The process of underground mining is aimed at ensuring safety, economic viability, and …
Hint: Use areas to calculate the stripping ratios as the strike length of the pit section would cancel out. Assume the difference in density between the ore and waste material is negligible. Left pit wall overall slope angle: 3 0 ∗ Underground total mining cost: $33.50 /tones. Surface mining cost: $17.50 /tempe.
