Sintering is a thermal agglomeration process that is applied to a mixture of iron ore fines, recycled ironmaking products, fluxes, slag-forming agents, and solid fuel (coke).
There are several agglomeration processes including: briquetting, extrusion, nodulization, pelletizing and sintering, although pelletizing and sintering are the most widely used, and especially ...
To effectively control the morphology of iron ore concentrate and obtain suitable pellet properties, it is critical to understand how magnetite concentrate morphology affects oxidation and sintering rates during pellet induration.
Explore the intricate steps involved in the sintering process of iron ore. Discover how raw materials are transformed into a high-quality final product, enhancing industrial efficiency.
In iron making process, sintering of iron ore fines is an integral step to utilize not only the ore fines but also to introduce a part of flux (limestone and dolomite) along with the sinter in blast furnace burden. In this way, the productivity of the furnace...
Abstract and Figures. In the last years, pelletizing has been playing an important role in iron ore mining and in iron production (iron making and direct reduction). Some factors have contributed ...
Various innovative initiatives undertaken to intensify the sintering process are narrated in this paper. Intensification of the iron ore sintering process is approached with a four-way framework covering granulation improvement, waste gas recycling, fuel gas injection into the sinter bed, and reduction of stack emissions.
Grate process is an important step in grate-kiln pellet production. However, as a relatively closed system, the process on grate is inaccessible to direct detection, therefore, it is hard to control. As a result, mathematical models of temperature distribution, moisture distribution and oxidation degree distribution in pellet bed, with good …
Thermal volume changes and oxidation mechanisms in magnetite iron ore green pellets balled with 0.5% bentonite binder, as a function of raw material fineness and pellet porosity, are shown.
The sintering ignition is an important step in the sintering process and is the starting point of the entire combustion process. It is of great economic value and scientific value to stabilize the sintering ignition temperature in the case of the unstable gas pressure. An intelligent control strategy is proposed for the iron ore sintering ignition …
Substituting fossil fuels with biomass, a clean and renewable energy source, is an attractive option for carbon-neutral iron ore sintering. In the present study, an attempt was made to utilize biomass pellets (called Biopellet) for sintering process by varying it from 0 to 4% of the total raw mix blend as a solid fuel substitution.
At the sintering machine only about 50 kg of fossil fuel per ton of sinter are used. Thus, new technologies are welcome with the focus of neutralizing the carbon emissions. The iron ore sinter process is an important operation unit in …
Agglomeration of iron ores is the iron ore pretreatment process in which the powdery iron ore that cannot be directly fed into a blast furnace experiences high-temperature solidification by sintering process and pelletizing process or low-temperature solidification by pelletizing process and briquetting process to generate the rich ore …
The specific productivity of the sintering machine and the yield of high-quality agglomeration product were also improved. Bentonite is widely used in India as a binder in the production of chromium pellets and agglomerates. The addition of bentonite to the charge in the amount of 1.5% was reported [ 8 ].
The report provides background on the sintering process and reviews literature on sintering machine types, process parameters, quality control, and the economics and trends of sintering practice. It then details the design of the iron ore sintering machine to be fabricated, including dimensions, materials, and the fabrication …
The purpose of the sintering process is to prepare qualified feed for blast furnace ironmaking, and the sintering efficiency and product quality are the focus of sintering process research. To output more sinter in the field of fixed sintering machines, researchers have proposed high-bed sintering with the following advantages: saving …
Sintering is the most economic and widely used agglomeration process to prepare iron ore fines for blast furnace use. Owing to the depleting reserves of traditional high grade iron ore, there have ...
Different iron ore fines are mixed properly before charged to sintering machine. It is an important means to solve this problem to seek the particle size matching between solid fuel and iron ore fines. The suitable matching mode of fuel particle size (d) and blending ore particle size (D) is as follows: d/D = 0.47 ~ 0.54.
ABSTRACT Sintering is an agglomeration process that fuses iron ore fines, fluxes, recycled products, slag-forming elements and coke. The purpose of sintering is to obtain a product with suitable composition, quality and granulometry to be used as burden material in the blast furnace. This process is widely studied and researched in the iron …
Abstract and Figures. Sintering is an agglomeration process that fuses iron ore fines, fluxes, recycled products, slag-forming elements and coke. The purpose of sintering is to obtain a product ...
The present work proposes a novel process to sinter porous iron ore (porosity ~23–24%) with enhanced productivity and quality. The iron ore is pre-processed in the presence of calcined lime for the temporary closure of pores, which further prevents water absorption during the granulation process in drum in the presence of water. The …
Our experience has resulted in an unparalleled sintering and pelletizing process know-how as a technology leader with an in-house R&D center, engineering, and control of manufacturing from a single source.
A Sinter plant in a steel plant is the final operation in a series of measures to prepare iron ore for blast furnace smelting. A sinter plant is an enterprise with a complicated technological process for producing the final product – agglomerate or sinter. Agglomeration is a process of sintering fine ores and concentrates by fuel combustion ...
In the iron ore sintering process, the resistance to air flow is a major factor in deciding the flame front speed, which influences the sinter productivity and quality. In this work, pressure drop ...
A critical comparative analysis of technologies for preparation of ore and technogenic materials before metallurgi-cal processing was conducted in this research. Briquetting, sintering, pelletizing and direct use of fines (process-ing without agglomeration) were conditionally emphasized among these technologies.
The pellet making method was studied for production of iron ore pellets with a carbon core. The pellets are to be fired in a sintering machine to produce sintered ores containing carbonaceous ...
These two opposite effects levelled out and the oxidation time became constant when green pellets were balled at constant plasticity. Combining the results from the oxidation and dilatation studies revealed new information on the rate limiting factors in oxidation of iron ore pellets.
In the last years, pelletizing has been playing an important role for iron ore mining and ironmaking. Some factors have contributed to this fact like as: depletion of high-grade iron ore reserves ...
The effects of particle size of coke on combustion and sintering process were examined. The surface air velocity and the exhaust gas composition of a sintering machine were also tested in a sintering strand.
Because of these processes, a fine granulo-metry is produced, and thus iron agglomeration process is necessary. There are several agglomeration processes including: briquetting, extrusion, nodulization, pelletizing and sintering, although pelletizing and sintering are the most widely used, and especially sintering process (70% blast furnace load).
Iron ore sintering is a complicated thermo-chemical process which involves a vast amount of chemical reactions and physical changes. Feed materials which contain ores, coke, flux, gangue, returned mines, and etc. are granulated and charged into the sintering machine.
As greater amounts of fine iron ore concentrates enter the marketplace, new investments in iron ore pelletizing capacity are inevitable to deliver these concentrates to steel industry consumers ...
Pelletizing is an agglomeration process which converts very fine grained iron ore into balls of a certain diameter range (normally 8mm to 20 mm, also known as pellets. These pellets are suitable for blast furnace and direct reduction processes. Pelletizing differs from sintering in that a green unbaked pellet or ball is formed and …
The granulation process for iron ore is used in both sintering and pelletizing. The process involves combining iron ore, powder binders, water, and other materials to form aggregates (Niu et al ...
The raw materials for an integrated steelworks can be classified into four categories, which are iron ores, fluxes, fuels, and reverts. The characteristics of these raw materials strongly affect the metallurgical properties of iron ore sinter and sinter plant performance. An optimal ore blend design is therefore essential to produce low cost ...
