Pyrolysis is a thermal conversion of materials at high temperatures in an inert atmosphere. Pyrolysis can be obtained through thermal or catalytic pathways. Thermal pyrolysis is known for its high operating temperature, reaction time, and low oil quality. To subdue these challenges associated with thermal pyrolysis, catalytic pyrolysis of the …
By leveraging a comprehensive dataset of process parameters, material properties, and corresponding measurements of surface finish and tensile strength, these models can learn the complex relationships between input parameters and …
Abstract. Calendering is one of the oldest rubber processing technologies. It is known that coating of fabrics has been done for almost 200 years. Steel cord and fabric cord topping is one of the processes in tire manufacturing. Specifications and tolerances for calendered cords are very tough. It is especially difficult to fulfill the thickness variation …
Through experiments, the effect of hybrid process parameters on relative density and surface quality of 316L samples in the hybrid manufacturing was studied. The wear of milling cutter and chip morphology in the …
This work was carried out at Continental tyre factory in Portugal, regarding the APEX machines production process, with the main goal of improving of their performance and product quality rate.
The advancement of the wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process has been significant due to the cost-effectiveness in producing large metal components with high deposition rates. With the growth in the understanding of WAAM, researchers have found that the microstructure and mechanical properties of the fabricated components …
Process parameters can be divided into two main groups: i) input (or set) parameters and ii) output parameters without set points. Input parameters can be set independently to influence the status and behaviour of the material during the process.
Within certain process parameters, AirEco-Cool has consi-derable advantages over immersion, drum or spray cooling when it comes to process and economic efficiency.
By monitoring the extruder in real time, estimating the extrusion process parameters according to the amount of product to be produced will make the extrusion process operations more efficient.
Considering the impact of tyres, whether in-use or used, and tightening regulations, large tyre companies have been taking serious measures from selecting raw materials to production process to make tyres eco-friendly. Eleven leading tyres companies that represent approximately 65 per cent of the world's tyre manufacturing …
Without reinforcing fillers, tyres would need to be replaced considerably more often, resulting in an increased burden on end‐of‐life‐tyre (ELT) management and an increase in tyre manufacturing energy requirements and greenhouse gas emissions per vehicle kilometer driven.
As shown. in Figure 1, in the traditional curing process of tires, the uncured tire is heated by the saturated steam through the steel. external mold and the rubber bladder, and a lar ge amount of ...
A key process parameter (KPP) is an adjustable process parameter that does not significantly affect product critical quality attributes (CQA), but does impact process performance and should be maintained within a defined range. IEC parameters commonly evaluated for their impact on the product quality and process performance include: .
7 Definitions. A process parameter whose variability has an impact on a CQA and therefore should be monitored or controlled to ensure the process produces the desired quality. (ICH Q8) A physical, chemical, biological or microbiological property or characteristic of an input material that should be within an appropriate limit, range, or ...
The main contribution of this research is developing a scheme solution that uses machine learning algorithms to industrial processes in stored data large manufacturing processes, allowing the process engineer to manage the finished products and the process parameters.
The first step in the tire manufacturing process is the mixing of raw materials—rubber, carbon black, sulfur, and other materials—to form the rubber compound.
Materials & Process. As we all know natural rubber as it is the main raw material used in the process of manufacturing tyres. In addition to natural rubber, synthetic rubber is also used. The rubber is treated with various chemicals in order to develop essential characteristics like strength, flexibility and wear and tear resistance, …
A dynamic constrained optimization problem was formulated with the following ingredients: (1) an objective function that measures product quality in terms of final state of cure and temperature …
Tyre manufacturers aiming to remain competitive in complex modern markets must promptly adjust to the changes within the production environment. With traditional tyre-manufacturing systems, a slow ...
This study explains the tyre manufacturing process in a sustainable way, including solutions for ensuring a more sustainable production where eco-friendly raw material use has been proposed.
The tyre is the only part of the car that touches the road. They must strike a balance between traction, comfort, durability, energy efficiency and overall cost. As a result of these competing needs, tyres are more complex to design and build than you might think. So let's go.. THE MANUFACTURING PROCESS Blend Up to […]
The Parts of a Tyre. Beads. The beads are made from high-strength steel coated in rubber, and create an airtight seal between your tyre and the rim of the wheel. Belt. Steel belts are placed around the tyre to …
From raw materials to finished product, there are more than 100 manufacturing steps that go into making a tire and dozens of components. Controlling as many aspects of the complex tire manufacturing process as possible ensures a high quality finished product.
The tire structures are differentiated by numbers of reinforcing plies into belt tire, construction of belts, materials and cord-angles, geometry parameters of tire, width of belts etc. These aspects are influenced on final behavior of tires, namely deformation characteristics of tires.
The document discusses the key processes involved in tyre manufacturing, including compounding and mixing rubber and other materials, milling and calendaring the rubber into sheets, extruding tread and other components, assembling the components on a tyre building machine, curing and vulcanizing the assembled tyre, and …
The curing process consumes nearly 40 percent of the energy and 30 percent of the water used in tire manufacturing.
Nevertheless, the optimization of process parameters in AM is a challenging endeavor, owing to the wide process space and parameter selection. More importantly, minute variations in processing parameters affect the cooling rate and heat input, therefore requiring more careful control during processing for consistency and reliability.
Conclusions Statistical process control (SPC) system has been implemented in Continental tyre manufacturing quality assurance system This work presents the implementation of SPC to bead production.
