The total extent of iron and steel slag identified in Fig. 1 and Table 4 suggested that approximately 38% of iron and steelmaking slag remains in landfill, based on previous estimates of total slag production between 1875 and 2008 in the UK ( Renforth et al., 2011 ).
Many researchers have investigated the use of copper slag in the production of cement, mortar and concrete as raw materials for clinker, cement replacement, coarse and fine aggregates.
The most dominant slags from high temperature processes that need valorization are ferro-slag, non-ferrous slags, bottom ashes from waste incineration and electric power production, Cu-refining ...
Copper slag, a waste solid produced in the copper smelting process, is a high-quality secondary resource with huge output. The recycling and utilization of copper slag is of great interest because it avoids the loss of valuable metals and the threat of harmful metals, and saves a lot of natural resources and energy. This paper firstly …
Steelmaking slag, or steel slag, is a by-product from the production of steel during the conversion of hot metal to crude steel in a basic oxygen furnace, or during the melting of scrap in an EAF. The slag is generated as a melt and is a complex solution of silicates and oxides that solidify upon cooling.11 Depending on the specific steel production process, …
This paper presents a review of copper slag production and its potential as a world resource for cobalt and copper metals. An overview of copper and cobalt production from ore reserves, and of global demand and supply risks for these metals is presented.
A significant source of copper losses from pyrometallurgical copper extraction is attributed to dissolved and entrained copper in discarded slag. Entrained copper can be recovered via pyrometallurgical slag cleaning in a settling furnace, where the slag viscosity and copper droplet size distribution (CDSD) are critical parameters. …
The results of model application to an industrial ESR process for a 1.12 m diameter nickel-iron-chromium superalloy and its validation are presented. They demonstrate the comprehensive capabilities of the model in predicting the behavior of the ingot and slag during the entire process and properties of the final ingot produced.
This Best Practice Guide shows that concrete in corporating fly ash and slag in proportions less. than 20 to 30%, and 25 to 35%, respectively, is generally considered equivalent to portland ...
High-magnesium nickel slag (HMNS) is such an industrial waste that is usually stored by landfill. HMNS is generated from nickel production from high-magnesium nickel oxide ores by the pyrometallurgical process at the smelting stage (Wang et al., 2009). In China, the annual generation of nickel slag is more than 800,000 t.
Steel slag is an industrial waste that is generated during the production of steel. In the production of steel, oxides of metal impurities in the iron combine with the flux (which is usually a mixture of lime and dolomite) to form a molten layer of steel slag that floats on top of the steel. The molten slag is later cooled and granulated.
Currently, metallurgical recycling and further cleaning of copper slag is still not widely established, in spite of the progress in the management of copper slags in the past several decades. The primary purpose of the paper is to provide a critical review on the metallurgical processes available for recycling and further cleaning of copper slag.
Ash and slag disposal areas of Ukrainian thermal power plants accumulate large amounts of waste annually.The aim of the present study was to analyze the composition of ash and slag wastes generated during combustion of coal at Ukrainian thermal power ...
Most of these pozzolanic materials are the result of waste from the manufacturing procedure. Blast-furnace slag and its derivative GGBS are examples of industrial byproducts that are primarily utilized as supplemental cementitious products in cement and concrete production.
The production of raw titanium metal relies on natural and man-made feed materials, including natural rutile, titanium dioxide slags of different grades ("chloride slag," UGS, and "sulfate slag"), and synthetic rutile. Natural rutile was the feedstock of choice at the early years of the Kroll process, but nowadays it comes in limited supply. Titanium …
Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA) is a hazardous by-product of waste incineration. The objective of this research is to encapsulate the chloride in MSWIFA and to develop a utilizable construction material using MSWIFA, ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS), ladle furnace slag (LFS), and gypsum. A …
Waste recycling and reuse is an important component of sustainability. Extensive research is being conducted to address this issue by incorporating industrial by-product such as steel slag, copper slag, fly ash, ferro-chrome slag, and so on into the construction industry. Steel slag, which is mostly calcium carbonate, is created as a by …
Basic Oxygen Furnace slag, the main by-product of steelmaking process, presents still low utilization rate due to its limitations as a partial replacement for cement. The previous fundamental research demonstrated that the slag exhibits the modulated composition and improved property via reacting with the modifier at high temperature.
This review article provides the environmental and socioeconomic impacts of slag, as well as a characterization of copper slag, with the aim of reusing and recycling the slag to benefit the environment and economy.
Steel slag mainly refers to the blast furnace slag and converter slag produced in the process of iron making and steel making, and with the increase of steel production, the amount of steel slag produced increases simultaneously. In 2017, the metallurgical slag output of iron and steel enterprises in China reached more than 440 …
Russian and foreign studies on the use of ash-slag wastes from thermal power plants (TPP) as raw material components in the production of glass and glass-ceramic materials are reviewed. It is shown that in a number of cases the use of waste improves the properties of the materials.
On this basis, steel slag and slag composite micro powder (SSCM) technology was proposed, which realized the high added value and utilization rate of steel slag in industrial applications. This review provided guidance for selecting and developing secondary resources of other solid wastes containing metallurgical slag.
Since the construction waste and blast furnace slag wastes are available in vast amounts in Turkey, it is economically and environmentally suitable to use these materials as aggregates in the production of more durable concrete mixtures.
The industrial hygiene survey consisted of the collection of: a) bulk samples of unprocessed coal slag, finished granule product, and settled dust for metals and silica; b) full-shift area air samples for dust, metals, and crystalline silica; and c) full-shift personal air samples for dust, metals, and crystalline silica.
Brunei Darussalam has 890 megawatts (MW) of installed capacity in power generation of public utilities, including 1.2 MW of solar photovoltaic (PV). Electricity production from public utilities in 2017 was 3.72 terawatt-hours (TWh).
Graph and download economic data for Industrial Production: Total Index from Jan 1919 to May 2024 about headline figure, IP, production, industry, indexes, USA, Germany, Italy, France, and Canada.
The obtained hot air is directly used to generate electricity. In the large-scale industrial trial with slag handling capacity of 18 t/h, the temperature of hot air obtained is 450–500 °C and heat recovery rate is 48%. The slag glassy content is more than 95%, which is similar to that of water granulated slag.
Additionally, the boom in iron and steel production in recent years and the generation of a significant volume of its byproduct (slag) necessitate its utilization efficiently.
In addition to the economical loss, vanadium shows toxicological effects in soil.In this study, ferrovanadium production from power plant slag with optimum efficiency and lowest cost was experimentally tried. Slag was received as fume/black, spongy solid form.
Aiming at this problem, the slag and fly ash from four biomass power plants were sampled and characterized. The major/trace element composition and leaching characteristics of slag and fly ash are analyzed, and the effect of volatile mineral in these solid residues on furnace efficiency is also evaluated.
The wear resulted from heat expansion and cold contraction of slag with storaging and releasing energy process was addressed. The results revealed that slag is a good candidate to be used as heat storage material for TES system. Revalorization of slag into TES material is a cost-effective solution to the CSP plants and the industry waste …
Carbide slag is the industrial residue, which is discharged in large quantities during the hydrolysis of calcium carbide while preparing acetylene. The slag mainly consists of Ca (OH) 2. In 2011, 9.87 million tons of polyvinyl chloride were produced domestically using the calcium carbide route, whereas around 17.57 million tons of …
